Analyzing Abortion Essay - 4822 Words

Analyzing Abortion In 1973, Roe versus Wade instigated an ongoing debate in the United States concerning the implementation of abortion (Rubin 1). Prior to Roe, abortion was illegal, however it was practiced. In 1846, a few blocks south of Manhattan’s Greenwich Village, Madame Restell performed illegal abortions to â€Å"cure† female irregularities, or pregnancies (Rubin 1). After Restell, a group called â€Å"Jane†, also known as the Abortion Counseling Service of the Chicago Women’s Liberation Union, performed more than 11,000 illegal abortions from 1969-73 in Chicago alone (Horst 1). Though the Court decision lawfully settled the argument, the abortion issue developed further creating a substantial amount of turmoil between the opposing†¦show more content†¦As of 1997, 49 countries, including many industrialized European countries, have abortion legislations similar to the United States (Henshaw et al. 58). The abortion debate is controversial because it predominantly centers on society’s religious and moral beliefs. Religion is the leading variable of individuals opposing legalized abortion in the United States (Kelley). Furthermore, Kristin Luker believes that the moral positions of activists on both sides of the abortion issue reflect their individual worldviews on sexuality, family life, technology and the importance of the individual; however, the pro-choice and pro-life movements are not effective in changing people’s moral beliefs on abortion (Luker). The key issue our candidate must address is the federal government’s participation in funding state sponsored sex education programs and greater coverage of abortion costs. The public’s stance on abortion has remained relatively stable since the Roe decision. Fifty six percent of the general public feels that abortion should be legal in certain circumstances such as rape, incest or health complications. Overall, pro-life advocates’ views on abortion tend to be congruent across the board. Ninety eight percent of abortion opponents feel it is morally wrong in all circumstances (Scott). However, the pro-choice movement is more fragmented in its opinions. Twenty-seven percent of pro-choice people support abortion even though they believe it is morallyShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Religion and Politics on Abortion Abortion has been a worldwide problem dating back to1200 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing Religion and Politics on Abortion Abortion has been a worldwide problem dating back to the 5th century, and nowadays it cuts through all religious denomination causing divide and discord in people’s religious stand against or for it. The 1760 BCE has shown the earliest written records about abortion in which fines were levied against the perpetrators of these crimes. The fines against this crime have been accounted in the Code of Hammurabi. In 515- 500 BCE, the Chinese wrote a note thatRead MoreAbortions Should Not Be Legal1216 Words   |  5 PagesWhen abortions were illegal, thousands of women died. Until the mid 1800s, abortions were legal and available in the United States. Both State and church permitted abortion if they occurred before quickening when the mother first perceived fetal movement. In 1847, the newly formed medical association began a campaign to professionalize medicines. Legislation restricting abortions continued to spread, and by the turn of the century, both, birth control pills, a nd abortions were illegal in mostRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Road Not Taken By Gwendolyn Brooks980 Words   |  4 PagesFor my analysis I chose to look at two poems where the authors transform the readers into the speakers. I will be analyzing â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost and â€Å"the mother† by Gwendolyn Brooks. Both of these poems show decisions made on the speakers part and how the reader can relate to the speakers feelings about their decisions. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† opens with a man in the woods, looking down two equally worn paths. It is a reflection on his part. This incident happened in the past and yearsRead MoreEssay on Building a Case against Abortion1035 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen considered attempted murder. Why, then, is abortion considered acceptable? Today, we will address the alternatives to abortion and the abundance of medical and biblical evidence that proves abortion to be unnecessary and cruel (â€Å"When Does A Human Life Begin?†). There are many types of abortions, but they are all intended to create one result, death. For instance, a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol, the most common type of abortion pill, is designed to kill a fetus before the ninthRead MoreAbortion - the Wrong of Abortion 1706 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is one of the most controversial topics of all times. The definition most people associate with abortion is the termination of unwanted pregnancy. In their essay, â€Å"The Wrong of Abortion†, Patrick Lee and Robert P. George argue that intentional abortion is unjust and therefore objectively immoral no matter the circumstances. Also, they argue that â€Å"the burden of carrying the baby is significantly less than the harm the baby would suffer by being killed; the mother and father have a specialRead MoreNeosporosis : An Infectious Disease1102 Words   |  5 Pagesneosporosis has become a serious disease for dogs and cattle worldwide (a review). Today, neosporosis is one of the leading causes of bovine abortions in the United States, New Zealand, and the Netherlands. These three countries have reported high incidence rates of reproductive failure in the dairy industry due to neosporosis, with the most common being abortions and neonatal mortality (usda). Data gathered from these three countries has indicated that 20% of all aborted fetuses sent the diagnosticRead MoreWomen s Rights By Judith Jarvis Thomson s A Defense Of Abortion1614 Words   |  7 Pageswomen’s rights entail? For instance, should abortion be considered one of the select inalienable rights for women? This topic of human rights, specifically that of pregnant women, is discussed in Judith Jarvis Thomson’s â€Å"A Defense of Abortion†. In this defense, Thomson makes her claim â€Å"While I do argue that abortion is not impermissible, I do not argue that it is always permissible† (655 Perry). In other words Thomson has come to the co nclusion that abortion may only be permissible under certain circumstancesRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Screening On Children984 Words   |  4 Pagesfetus, including analyzing a sample of amniotic fluid or testing a few cells from the placenta. Various genetic disorders are tested for, such as mental retardation, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs. Once informed of a fetus’ potential defects, the parents can then decide to either carry the fetus to full term or terminate the pregnancy. As with any situation concerning a human life, this has produced ethical issues. For those who believe prenatal screening followed by abortion is acceptable considerRead MoreAbortion- Is It a Moral or an Immoral Choice? Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle is Abortion is a Moral Choice by Henry Morgentaler. This article upholds womens rights to abortion in the belief that it reduces the number of unwanted children and also reduces the number of adult criminals that suffer from childhood neglect or parental abuse. The title of the second article is Abortion is Immoral by John Paul II. This article objects abortion in the belief that it is a crime which kills an innocent human being and also against all Christian belief that abortion could beRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1575 Words   |  7 Pageswas a 21-year-old junior at Harvard when her birth control failed and she had an abortion. ‘It allowed me to choose when to become a mother,’ she said. ‘As a mother now, I know I was correct at 21†¦ I didn’t have a college degree†¦ I didn’t have an income. I didn’t have a marriage. I didn’t have anything a child needs. And I didn’t want it† (Liptak, 2016). Brenneman, among the 24% of women who will undergo an abortion during their lifetime by the age of 45, chose the best decision for herself at that

The Controversy over the Discoveries of Galileo Galilei...

Galileo Galilei, born February 15th 1564 in the town of Pisa, a man who played a significant role in the Scientific Revolution, he was a man of many talents as he was not only an artist, astronomer and engineer he was also a philosopher, mathematician and physicist to name a few. One of his most outstanding improvements were those made to the telescope, although Galileo’s observations, made using the telescope, would be one that would arouse much attention and create a great controversy. Galileo the eldest of six children was born in Pisa in 1564, several years later his family moved to Florence, he was then educated under the Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa a town southeast of Florence. As a young man he continued his studies†¦show more content†¦Following the trial of the Holy Office of Rome, Galileo was ardently suspected of heresy and placed under house arrest restricted by the Pope. Although most individuals believe that the Roman Catholic Church to be at fault, there are several factors which led the Church to act during this controversy. One of the largest factors which led the Roman Catholic Church to affront Galileo’s proposition of the heliocentric system of the universe was simply due to ignorance. Until this point the geocentric system of the universe had been so widely accepted, that another discovery was believed to be false. This was mostly due to the lack of evidence on the side of the heliocentric system. The Church could prove that the universe was geocentric with the interpretation of the Bible; however, this is yet again where the Church falters. The Bible â€Å"is a book of poems and songs, not a book of instructions or history†; therefore the Church should not have based their proof solely in The Holy Scripture. Although the Church was at fault for ignorance, so was Galileo, he failed to demonstrate any sort of empirical proof that the earth was not at the center of the universe, rather he continued to propose and theory without sufficient proof. One of his greatest supporters was Pope UrbanShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Scientific Revolution1263 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen based strictly around faith and not scientific reasoning. The founders of the revolution took a leap of faith into an unknown realm of science and experimentation. Four of the many brilliant founders of the Scientific Revolution; Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Brahe, used previous scientific principles and their own genius to make advances in science that are still being used today. Scientific pamphlets, the telescope, observations of the universe and the creation of laws for planetary motionRead MoreGeocentric Model Of The Galaxy1683 Words   |  7 Pageschastised for it. Galileo Galilei was an astronomer, physicist, eng ineer, philosopher, and mathematician. When Galileo published his book, The Dialogue, which regarded the positioning of the solar system, the Church believed it was less hypothetical than they expected it to be, which proved to be problematic. The clash between Galileo and the Church can be defined as the difference between Galileo’s belief in heliocentricity, the Church’s belief in geocentricity, and the trial between Galileo and the ChurchRead MoreEssay about Possibility of Life on Other Planets1203 Words   |  5 Pagesuniverse has these building blocks and the proper atmosphere it is very probable that intelligent life has the chance to form and develop. For centuries scientific discoveries and religion have clashed, especially discoveries that shape the foundations of our universe.   In the early 1600’s Italian mathematician and astronomer Galileo Galilei testified to the Roman Catholic inquisition that the Copernican model of the Solar System was correct and that the Aristotle model the church followed was incorrectRead MoreGalileo Galilei was one of the most influential scientists of the Renaissance period. He was a1800 Words   |  8 PagesGalileo Galilei was one of the most influential scientists of the Renaissance period. He was a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, a philosopher. He integrated the independent sciences of math and physics, and unified them. The popular view of the world, due to the Church overall power, at the time was Aristotles theory that the the universe was geocentric or that the Earth was at the center of the universe.. Galileo went against that common belief and declared to the world that the Earth is notRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution Was Not An Organized Effort1276 Words   |  6 PagesEppur si muove, (but it does move) said Galileo Galilei. (Koyre 1943) The scientific revolution marks a decisive break between the middle ages and the modern world, but it was rooted in earlier developments. It’s the link between observation, experiment, and invention. The scientific revolution was not an organized effort; theories sometimes led to a dead end and discoveries were often accidental. The scientific revolution left a permanent imprint upon history and from its legacy developed theRead MoreEssay about The Influence of Religion on Scientific Advancement1737 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific discovery; however, there is also evidence that scientific progression has been aided by religious ideology. By examining both the negative and positive roles religion has played in history, modern times, and the overall area of morality, one can determine the true extent to whi ch faith hinders scientific advancement. The Catholic Inquisitions exemplify one area in which religion has impeded scientific advancement, particularly in reference to the trials of Galileo Galilei. During theRead MoreGalileo Galilei, Astronomer/Mathematician5105 Words   |  21 PagesGalileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (Pisa, February 15, 1564 Ââ€" Arcetri, January 8, 1642), was a Tuscan astronomer, philosopher, and physicist who is closely associated with the scientific revolution. His achievements include improving the telescope, a variety of astronomical observations, the first law of motion, and supporting Copernicanism effectively. He has been referred to as the father of modern astronomy, as the father of modern physics, and as father of science. His experimental workRead MoreHistory of Europe Essays1242 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation. People were intrigued by new developments not only in other groups and cultures but also in exploration, technology, goods, information on religion and other governments. Others, such as church leaders, weren’t fond of the new ideas and discoveries made by the philosophers of that particular time period. Changes in the Early Modern Era affected the attitudes of Petrarch and Luther because new ideas, such as humanism and secularism, ch anged the way people viewed education and religion. FrancescoRead MoreBiography Of Nicolaus Copernicus s Discovery Of Heliocentrism Transformed Astronomy1940 Words   |  8 Pagesthinkers and scientists discovered new theories, such as gravitational physics laws and other opinions written in books. Nicolaus Copernicus’s discovery of heliocentrism transformed astronomy, his writings changed the people’s perspective of the universe further challenging the Catholic Church’s beliefs. Before Copernicus, people made scientific discoveries such as Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 BCE), had already identified the sun as the central unit of the solar system, but his ideas were quicklyRead MoreNuclear Weapons And The World War II1145 Words   |  5 Pagesinitial developments, the 17th Century saw the emergence of modern physics under Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and Isaac Newton developed his physical laws in the 18th Century. The development of Avogadro’s Principle by chemist Avogadro also distinguished the atom and molecule. Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) further developed the period system of various elements further expanding the concept of the atom . The discovery of the x-ray by William Roentgen, a German professor further expanded the concept

Relationship Between Hospitality Tourism -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Is The Relationship Between The Hospitality Job And Tourism Industry? What Are Basic Needs Of The Hospitality Job And Tourism Industry? Which Aspects Are Considered Priority In A Job? What Requirements Are To Be Considered While The Selection Of A Job? Answers: Introduction This research program has been initiated with a motive to analyze the relationship between the hospitality jobs and tourism industry. HT industry is creating a huge impact on the economy of the world. Hospitality and tourism industry is engaged in the creation of the job opportunities which has enhanced the economic condition of the nations. There are various aspects attached to the hospitality jobs and tourism industry. Knowledge management is an important element which acts as a competitive tool for every organization (Kim, et. al., 2008). Another important element for the hospitality and tourism industry is training and development. Training contributes to the knowledge and skills which enhances the performance of the individual. Information technology, business administration, and management also play a vital role in the hospitality and tourism industry. Quality of the services need to be considered and for maintaining the quality of the service, one working in the Hospitality an d tourism industry must be polite and humble (Wang Wang, 2010). This research will discuss the different aspects related to the research topic and data related to these aspects will be assembled with the use of different research methods or approaches. The focus will be on presenting quality data for the purpose of enhancing the knowledge. Project Objective The motive behind the execution of this research program is to enhance the knowledge regarding the relationship between hospitality jobs and tourism industry. This research has focused on explaining the importance of the hospitality and tourism industry in the dynamic business environment. The objective is to explore and appraise the core relationship between the potential of both the aspects. The analysis will be done of the impact of these aspects and their relationship on the world economy. Project Scope Different guidelines have been considered for defining the scope of the project. The focus of this research program will be on developing knowledge regarding the manner in which hospitality jobs and tourism are linked with each other. Impact of the relationship between both the aspects can be seen on the growth of the society and nation. Literature review Hospitality and tourism industry is crucial for every nation which contributes to the economy of the nation. Numerous job opportunities are being offered by the Hospitality and tourism industry which has helped in the development of the economy. There are various aspects which play a vital role in hospitality and tourism industry. These aspects include knowledge management, experiences and training and importance of applying knowledge and barriers acting as a challenge while applying knowledge (Bell, 2009). Knowledge is an essential element which acts as an important asset for the HT industry. Knowledge enhances the competitiveness of the organization by contributing to the performance of the human resource. Knowledge management helps in the recognizing, imprisonment and transmission of the opportunities available to the industry. Benchmarks are being set by the hospitality industry for the measurement of the performance of the human resource. Performance of the human resource acts as a competitive advantage and helps in dealing with the increasing level of competition (Maghzi, et. al., 2011). Information technology, business administration, and management are also crucial for the hospitality and tourism industry. Information technology has resulted in the replacement of the human resource with the machines. This has affected the job opportunities for the people adversely. For working in the hospitality and tourism industry, individual needs to be polite and humble. Politeness and humbleness of the service providers enhance the satisfaction level of the customers and contributes to the quality of the service. Training and experience gained by the individual prepare it for the better opportunities (Abbasi, et. al., 2010). Research Questions/Hypothesis Research questions have been constructed so as to provide a base for the data assembling process. Research questions will guide the efforts of the researcher in the right direction and meet the objectives of the research. Research questions for this research program are stated below: Justification This research has been initiated with an objective to gain knowledge of the relationship between the hospitality jobs and tourism. This research program will ensure that the objectives of the research are attained. Selection of the research methods have been made as per the requirement of the research. Importance of the hospitality and tourism industry is increasing as it contribute towards the economy of the country. Knowledge will be developed regarding the various aspects which provides opportunity or act as threats. Research Design and Methodology Research methodology discusses the different methods or approaches which are being used for the accumulation of the required data. Numerous methods or approaches are present which can be applied for the assembling of the required data. Quality of the data affects the quality of the research program. The motive behind the execution of this research program is to assemble data regarding the relationship between the hospitality jobs and tourism. The hospitality industry is contributing towards the development of the economy. Hospitality and tourism industry is an important aspect of the world economy. Knowledge management, the importance of knowledge management, experiences and training and barriers to the application of the knowledge are the key aspects and data has to be collected regarding these aspects in relation to hospitality and tourism industry. Qualitative research Qualitative research method has been chosen for the accumulation of data for this research program. In the qualitative research method, exploratory research design will be applied. For the purpose of gaining clarity regarding the different aspects of the research program, this research design is used (Acaps, 2012). This research design will help in providing a clear view of the issues related to the research topic in a better manner (Saunders, 2011). Qualitative data will be assembled with the help of primary and secondary sources. Qualitative research method will ensure the accumulation of quality data for the research. Approaches to reliability and Validity Sampling method: A sampling method has been chosen for the analysis of the data in an effective manner. Data collected will be in large quantity and time available for the analysis of the data is less. For overcoming these limitations, random sampling approach has been chosen. Random sampling technique is an effective approach which ensures the selection of the sample in a fair manner by providing equal opportunity to every sample of the population (Ibrahim Al-Omari, 2014). Random sampling will ensure that the samples are selected in a fair manner and the quality of the research not getting affected. Sample size: primary data will be accumulated with the help of a questionnaire. The questionnaire will be provided to 20 respondents who are working in the hospitality and tourism industry. This data will help in the collection of primary data. Secondary data will be accumulated with the help of internet sources such as websites, articles, journals and other internet sources. Data collection method Data assembling is an important aspect of every research on which quality the research is based on. Information will be accumulated with the use of primary and secondary methods. Primary and secondary data will be accumulated for fulfilling the need of data of the research. Specific information will be assembled regarding the research program for meeting the objectives of the research. Information will be accumulated with the help of internet sources such as websites, journals, articles and research works (Gorard, 2013). Information gathered with the help of these sources helps in developing knowledge regarding the research topic. Data has to be collected for the analysis of the relationship shared between the hospitality jobs and tourism. The analysis will be done on the contribution of the hospitality and tourism industry to the world economy Primary data source: Primary source helps in the collection of the raw form of data which is specifically collected for the research work (Kuada, 2012). The researcher collects primary data with the help of questionnaire, interviews or observations. Primary is a less reliable form of data as the data may get affected due to the biasedness or judgment of the individuals providing the data (Turkenburg McAuley, 2013). Secondary data source: Secondary source helps in the collection of the second-hand data which is collected by other researchers for their research work and used by the researcher. This data is not specifically collected but forms a base for the reliability of the research program. Ethical considerations: ethical aspects are an essential part of every research work. Research has to be conducted by considering ethical aspects. Ethical considerations help in conducting the research by adopting a fair approach and not harming the interest of any individual. Ethical aspects will have been considered for this research program are confidentiality, unbiasedness, and integrity. Quantitative research Quantitative research is used for the purpose of accumulation of the numerical data for related to the research topic. This research technique is used for assembling numerical data regarding the relationship between hospitality jobs and tourism. Research limitations The research program is executed with a motive to assemble data by using different methods or approaches. Few limitations acting as a challenge for the research program are faced. These limitations can create an adverse impact on the research program. Research limitations are the hurdles in the way of research execution program. Research limitations identified in this research program are: Lack of access to the information or source of information. Availability of insufficient resources. Different resources are required for the execution of the research. These resources include human resource, finance, and Availability of short span of time for the execution of the research program. Time Schedule (Research Plan) Research plan has been prepared which will help in completing the different activities of the research in the time allocated to them. Sequence Activities Date of Initiation Duration (days) Date of completion Description A) Taking decision regarding the research topic 23 January 2018 1 23 January 2018 The decision will be taken regarding the topic on which research program is to be conducted. B) Framing the outline the research program 24 January 2018 3 26 January 2018 Plans will be outlined on the basis of which research program will be carried out. C) Execution of the plans outlined 27 January 2018 7 02 February 2018 Plans will be put into action on the basis of the outlined plans. D) Selection of data collection methods 03 February 2018 2 04 February 2018 Methods for the purpose of assembling of data will be chosen so as to initiate the data collection process. E) Assembling the required data 05 February 2018 5 09 February 2018 Data assembling process will be initiated at this stage so as to assemble relevant data for the research. F) Analysis and evaluation of the assembled data 10 February 2018 4 13 February 2018 Data collected will be analyzed and evaluated by using different approaches. Quality data will be extracted from the assembled data. G) Conclusion and recommendations 14 February 2018 2 15 February 2018 The conclusion will be provided for discussing key aspects of the research and recommendations will be provided for further research works. Conclusion Motive behind the initiation of the research is to develop knowledge of tourism and hospitality sectors and their impact on the world economy. Tourism and hospitality sector has helped in balancing the payment along with the creation of the employment opportunity. The motive behind the execution of this research program is to develop knowledge of the relationship between the hospitality occupations or jobs and tourism industry focusing on the development of the society and nations. Different methods will be defined in this research program which will be used for the accumulation of the relevant data for the research. References Abbasi, A. S., Khalid, W., Azam, M. Riaz, A., 2010, Determinants of Customer Satisfaction inHotel Industry of Pakistan European Journal of Scientific Research Euro Journals Publishing, Inc. 2010.Vol.48 No.1, pp.97-105. Acaps, 2012, Qualitative and Quantitative Research Techniques for Humanitarian Needs Assessment, accounting. Ali, R., 2015, 5 Charts That Show Why the Travel Industry Is the Worlds Fastest Growing Sector, Skift. Accessed on: 24 January 2018. Available at: https://skift.com/2015/06/08/5-charts-that-show-why-the-travel-industry-is-the-worlds-fastest-growing-sector/ Bell, D., 2009, Tourism and Hospitality, Sage. Accessed on: 24 January 2018. Available at: https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/29171_Jamal___Chapter_2.pdf Caroll, J., 2016, Future Trends in the Hospitality industry: Millennials and Social Media Rule, CallBox. Accessed on: 24 January 2018. Available at: https://www.callboxinc.com/b2b-marketing-and-strategy/future-trends-in-hospitality-industry-millennials-and-social-media-rule/ Gorard, S., 2013, Research design: creating robust approaches for the social sciences, SAGE, London. Ibrahim Al-Omari, A., 2014, Estimation of entropy using random sampling, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 261, 1, 95-102. Kim, T. G., Lee, J. H. Law, R., 2008, An empirical examination of the acceptance behaviour of hotel front office systems: An extended technology acceptance model, Tourism Management, Vol. 29, pp. 500-513. Kuada, J., 2012, Research methodology: a project guide for university students, 1st edn, Samfundslitteratur, Frederiksberg C [Denmark]. Accessed on: 24 January 2018. Available at: https://live.heartmath.org/kjbsufgpamr/research-methodology-a-project-guide-for-university-students-by-john-kuada.pdf Maghzi, A., Abbaspour, B., Eskandarian, M. Hamid, A. B. A., 2011, Brand Trust in Hotel Industry: Influence of Service Quality andCustomer Satisfaction 2nd International Conference on Business, Economics and Tourism Management. Rahi, S., 2017, Research Design and Methods: A Systematic Review of Research Paradigms, Sampling Issues and Instruments Development, International Journal of Economics Management Sciences, 6:2. Saunders, M. N., 2011, Research methods for business students, Pearson Education India. Accessed on: 24 January 2018. Available at: https://sisis.rz.htw-berlin.de/inh2012/12402512.pdf Smith, N.L., 2015, Using Action Design Research to Research and Develop Evaluation Practice, New Directions for Evaluation, vol. 2015, no. 148, pp. 57-72. Turkenburg, J. P. McAuley, K. E., 2013, Data collection and processing,Acta Crystallographica Section D,Vol. 69, Number 7, pp. 1193-1194. Wang, H. Y. Wang, S. H., 2010, Predicting mobile hotel reservation adoption: Insight from a perceived value standpoint, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 29, pp. 598-608.

International marketing and organisational behaviour

Background Marketing entails all those activities that precipitate the knowledge on the availability of certain products and services so that appropriate levels of production can be attained in accordance to the movements in demand and supply. It may also feature the strategic movement of finished goods and services to various points of sale as dictated by demand.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International marketing and organisational behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teejays bid to engage in international marketing will largely depend on the entry mode as well as choice of international market (IMEM). Hence, the management at Teejay will have to plan and strategize between competing expansions. It is against this background that the management may be faced with tough decisions involving entry strategies in international market. To be precise, such choices significantly rely on managerial philosophy, firm resources and nature of the market that Teejay will be interested to venture in future. In international marketing portfolio, international evolution of a firm marks the early stage of its entry mode. At this point, establishment chain and/or internationalization approach via foreign direct investment forms a sequence of entry mode from indirect export (Alvarez, 2004). Teejay will also have to make use of both theoretical and practical approaches when entering international market. Several theories have been used to establish the entry of firms into the international market and to study internationalization of both small and large multinational and exporter firms. Such theories include strategic behavior theory, eclectic theory, transaction cost analysis theory and resource advantage theory. When it comes to focusing efforts on international markets, Teejay’s management will have to exhibit diverse biases based on prior experiences or educational backgrounds in differen t countries. Additionally, due to competition and fear of losing out to local marketers, some entrepreneurs prefer local markets (Buckley, 2002). However, research studies points out that through international expansion, the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be improved. In addition, many managers are endowed with tactic knowledge which they can use to leverage opportunities in the international market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competition as a challenge in international marketing In the global market, making a new entry can be both exhilarating and fun. However, due to intensive competition and increasing uncertainty, companies that have sustainable advantage make tremendous gains in the market because they have capabilities and resources that are non-substitutable and unique that other competitors lack (Coviello Jones, 2004). It is imper ative to mention that Teejay will have to develop some of these capabilities in order to be successful in international marketing. They will include such factors like innovative capacity, strategic flexibility, organizational learning and effective technology among others. These capabilities can be generic within a firm, be applied broadly over a wide range of areas or organizations and be founded upon individual and management competencies. Competencies can either be general or specific. The latter competency is related to functional or cultural issues in a firm while the former deals with managerial roles or leadership in business (Crick Spence, 2005). On the same note, Teejay will not evade the fact that consistent provision of superior value and high quality products to customers is crucial especially when expanding into international market. This will be determined by the firm’s ability to establish strategic business decisions as well as strategic capabilities (Dwyer, Mesak Hsu 2005). Through these, Teejay will be in a position to deal with the challenges of competition by meeting customer satisfaction, strategic goals and increased provision of services. Recommendations and strategies on how to counter competition in order to counter competition as a business challenge to new market entry, Teejay will require new marketing and strategic capabilities controlled by the business whereby its resources are put into action to improve, sustain and support marketing performance (Lee et al. 2010). It is recommendable for the company to ensure that streams of technologies are integrated for marketing. In addition, diverse marketing skills are coordinated and collective learning is practiced within the company. Over the years, competitiveness has been linked to its strategic capabilities in marketing and this has given many companies a competitive advantage over others.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International marketing and or ganisational behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational behaviours at Teejay In an organisational setting, the term organisational behaviour is used to describe the dynamics that exist between individuals and groups in a common workplace in addition to the operational nature of the organizations in question (Dwyer, Mesak Hsu, 2005). There are a myriad of factors that come into play whenever people interrelate, intermingle or work together in organisations. Similarly, Teejay may not be exempted from the requisite organisational behaviour. There are several organisational behaviour issues which are significant in the day to day running of business organisations. It is also imperative to note that the study of organisational behaviour is growing in importance bearing in mind that contemporary multinational organisations like Teejay are comprised of employees who have to work as cohesive teams in spite of their distinct cu ltural values and socio-economic and political backgrounds. In this essay, the pertinent organisational behavioural issues touching on Teejay is explored in detail. Group dynamics at Teejay The performance of small groups within Teejay Company Inc. is a key ingredient to its overall output in marketing. As an organization, its success in marketing will rely heavily on the individual output of small teams that constitute departments or divisions within it. Research studies have indicated that increased marketing practices have been directly linked to group efficacy in an organisation (Peng, 2004). One of the most powerful ways through which groups in Teejay Company Inc. will increase their efficacy and effectiveness will be through team building exercises. It is worth mentioning that team building will be an important organizational exercise and behaviour that will highly enhance its performance. Research studies indicates that the essence behind any team building strategy is that wh en employees work or pull together towards achieving a common marketing goal, it is more likely that the organisation will realize a much faster growth compared to when they pull in different directions.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, the concept of team building in Teejay will be described as an organizational behaviour and practice that attempts to bring employees together as one cohesive team that works to achieve a common objective or goal in marketing. Through team building exercises, Teejay will not only advance the leadership skills of its employees, but will also boost the morale of its staff through outings in form of retreats to conduct team building exercises. This will assist in breaking some of the barriers that exist among them that may be social, political or even personal, and which can significantly hinder the effectiveness of team work in marketing. Management of change at Teejay Since the establishment of Teejay, management of change in marketing practices has been a part of strategic planning by its managers. The implementation process of the proposed marketing changes in this company should be as shrewd as possible. Most importantly, consultations should be made and those who are to be affected by the changes be informed or be made integral part of the implementation process. Teejays will be able to manage marketingl changes effectively by creating proposed changes that are pragmatic, quite reasonable, measurable and achievable. Research studies indicates that although these elements are crucial when managing change at all levels, it should be noted that the best process of change begins from a personal and local level, then to working groups which spill their influence to the international market (Martà ­nez-Là ³pez, Sousa Gà ¡zquez-Abad 2011). However, the responsibility of managing change does not lie with employees since they are instruments of change, not architects Motivation of employees at Teejay Teejay Company should make certain that its employees are motivated, both intrinsically and extrinsically. Research studies indicate that in most cases, psychological aspirations precede motivation (Peng, 2004). An employee who is intrinsically motivated does not necessarily require to be impressed by external factors before working in a smart way to improve the productivity of an organisation and to perform marketing practices. However, most employees would appreciate to be externally motivated, either by the style of leadership in place or by enhanced working conditions where job satisfaction is not an illusion but reality. Teejay will be required to maintain a high level of motivation of employees in order to sustain better marketing performances. This will be through assigning different roles and responsibilities to employees designed in a manner that provides chances for growth, attaining set marketing goals and recognizing achievements. Motivation by goal setting Teejay employees can be motivated to carry out marketing through a well defined process of setting goals for the organisation. Studies have revealed that people tend to be motivated to work when there are certain goals to be achieved after a given period of time. This typ e of motivation is well explained by Locke’s goal setting theory. At this point, it is undisputed that Teejay will be able to attain its short, medium and long term marketing goals once they have been set. Nevertheless, it implies that employees will only be motivated when they are part and parcel of goal setting. Moreover, each group member within the wider Teejay community should be made to visualize the importance of the marketing goals being set. In most cases, employees will not inject an additional effort in marketing if they have no clear idea on how the set goals are going to be beneficial to the organisation. They should also derive quantifiable benefits upon achieving the goals. Teejay is currently working on marketing strategies that require employees who are motivated, resilient and competent enough. If this target is to be met, employees working on these new marketing strategies should be motivated to input their best skill and effort. Goal setting as a way of mo tivating employees comes with its own cost if it is to be successful. Firstly, there are five core principles which the management at Teejay should bear in mind for this theory to be fruitful: the set goals should be clear, challenging, demonstrate high level of task complexity, have a feedback system and also demonstrate commitment. Conclusions To sum up, it is imperative to note that one common feature found among winning competitors in the global market is the use of innovation and technology to achieve a competitive advantage. The commercial aspect of innovation is seen in the way businesses create products that are of non-existent value. These businesses then devise strategies that enabled them market their products. 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